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Original Research 
RMJ. 2025; 50(4): 1008-1011


Low amniotic fluid index in primigravida versus multigravida: A comparative analysis of fetal complications and delivery outcomes

Shama Chaudhry, Amna Batool, Erum Gul, Soobia Pathan, Rehana Yasmeen, Shazia Sultana.


Abstract
Objective: To compare fetal complications and delivery outcomes linked with low amniotic fluid index (AFI) in primigravida and multigravida women.
Methodology: This cross-sectional comparative study included 120 pregnant women with low AFI (≤5 cm) in the third trimester. They were grouped into primigravida (n=60) and multigravida (n=60). Maternal demographics, AFI values, fetal complications (IUGR, fetal distress, meconium-stained liquor), and delivery outcomes (mode of delivery, Apgar scores, Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions) were recorded and analyzed. Chi-square and t-tests were used for statistical comparisons. A p<0.05 was considered significant.
Results: Primigravida patients were younger (mean age 24.8±3.6) compared to multigravida women (29.1±4.1; p<0.001). No significant difference was found between groups in mean AFI values. Fetal complications occurred more often in primigravida group than in the multigravida group, although not statistically significant; fetal distress occurred in 18 (30.0%) vs. 12 (20.0%), intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) in 14 (23.3%) vs. 9 (15.0%) and meconium-stained liquor in 10 (16.7%) vs. 6 (10.0%) but were not statistically significant. The rate of cesarean section was higher among primigravidas; 34 (56.7%) vs 26 (43.3%) and NICU admissions increased, 14 (23.3%) vs 8 (13.3%). Moreover, 5-minute Apgar score less than 7 was observed in 9 (15.0) primigravidas as opposed to 5 (8.3) multigravidas.
Conclusion: Low AFI was not statistically significant, but it correlates with the higher incidence of fetal complications and the tendency to conduct inter-based deliveries in primigravida women. There is an additional fetal monitoring requirement of primigravidas with a case of oligohydramnios.

Key words: Oligohydramnios, amniotic fluid index, primigravida, multigravida, fetal complications.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Chaudhry S, Batool A, Gul E, Pathan S, Yasmeen R, Sultana S. Low amniotic fluid index in primigravida versus multigravida: A comparative analysis of fetal complications and delivery outcomes. RMJ. 2025; 50(4): 1008-1011.

Web Style

Chaudhry S, Batool A, Gul E, Pathan S, Yasmeen R, Sultana S. Low amniotic fluid index in primigravida versus multigravida: A comparative analysis of fetal complications and delivery outcomes. https://www.rmj.org.pk/?mno=263246 [Access: October 30, 2025].

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Chaudhry S, Batool A, Gul E, Pathan S, Yasmeen R, Sultana S. Low amniotic fluid index in primigravida versus multigravida: A comparative analysis of fetal complications and delivery outcomes. RMJ. 2025; 50(4): 1008-1011.


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Chaudhry S, Batool A, Gul E, Pathan S, Yasmeen R, Sultana S. Low amniotic fluid index in primigravida versus multigravida: A comparative analysis of fetal complications and delivery outcomes. RMJ. (2025), [cited October 30, 2025]; 50(4): 1008-1011.


Harvard Style

Chaudhry, S., Batool, . A., Gul, . E., Pathan, . S., Yasmeen, . R. & Sultana, . S. (2025) Low amniotic fluid index in primigravida versus multigravida: A comparative analysis of fetal complications and delivery outcomes. RMJ, 50 (4), 1008-1011.


Turabian Style

Chaudhry, Shama, Amna Batool, Erum Gul, Soobia Pathan, Rehana Yasmeen, and Shazia Sultana. 2025. Low amniotic fluid index in primigravida versus multigravida: A comparative analysis of fetal complications and delivery outcomes. Rawal Medical Journal, 50 (4), 1008-1011.


Chicago Style

Chaudhry, Shama, Amna Batool, Erum Gul, Soobia Pathan, Rehana Yasmeen, and Shazia Sultana. "Low amniotic fluid index in primigravida versus multigravida: A comparative analysis of fetal complications and delivery outcomes." Rawal Medical Journal 50 (2025), 1008-1011.


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Chaudhry, Shama, Amna Batool, Erum Gul, Soobia Pathan, Rehana Yasmeen, and Shazia Sultana. "Low amniotic fluid index in primigravida versus multigravida: A comparative analysis of fetal complications and delivery outcomes." Rawal Medical Journal 50.4 (2025), 1008-1011. Print.


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Chaudhry, S., Batool, . A., Gul, . E., Pathan, . S., Yasmeen, . R. & Sultana, . S. (2025) Low amniotic fluid index in primigravida versus multigravida: A comparative analysis of fetal complications and delivery outcomes. Rawal Medical Journal, 50 (4), 1008-1011.


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