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Original Research 
RMJ. 2025; 50(4): 875-877


Vitamin D deficiency with breast cancer: Clinicopathological correlations and implications for holistic care

Shahid Zafar, Qamar Jamal, Shumaila Usman.


Abstract
Objective: To evaluate serum vitamin D levels and clinicopathological parameters in breast cancer patients, with attention to implications for psychiatric rehabilitation.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study included 80 female patients with histologically proved invasive ductal carcinoma. Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] was measured and the results were divided into severely deficient (<12 ng/ml), deficient (12-19 ng/ml) or insufficient (20-30 ng/ml). Differences according to tumor stage, grade, necrosis and lymph node status were analyzed.
Results: All patients exhibited insufficient vitamin D levels (nearly half were severely deficient and most of the rest were deficient). Vitamin D levels were low in people with larger tumors (p<0.0001), more aggressive cancers (p<0.0001), and tumors showing histopathological necrosis (p=0.0031). No significant association was observed between vitamin D levels and age (p=0.3238) or lymph node status (p=0.1626).
Conclusion: Many breast cancer patients were low in Vitamin D and this was linked to worse tumor traits. These results suggest including vitamin D in cancer rehabilitation programs.

Key words: Breast cancer, serum vitamin D deficiency, clinicopathological features, depression, anxiety.


 
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Pubmed Style

Zafar S, Jamal Q, Usman S. Vitamin D deficiency with breast cancer: Clinicopathological correlations and implications for holistic care. RMJ. 2025; 50(4): 875-877.

Web Style

Zafar S, Jamal Q, Usman S. Vitamin D deficiency with breast cancer: Clinicopathological correlations and implications for holistic care. https://www.rmj.org.pk/?mno=262649 [Access: October 29, 2025].

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Zafar S, Jamal Q, Usman S. Vitamin D deficiency with breast cancer: Clinicopathological correlations and implications for holistic care. RMJ. 2025; 50(4): 875-877.


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Zafar S, Jamal Q, Usman S. Vitamin D deficiency with breast cancer: Clinicopathological correlations and implications for holistic care. RMJ. (2025), [cited October 29, 2025]; 50(4): 875-877.


Harvard Style

Zafar, S., Jamal, . Q. & Usman, . S. (2025) Vitamin D deficiency with breast cancer: Clinicopathological correlations and implications for holistic care. RMJ, 50 (4), 875-877.


Turabian Style

Zafar, Shahid, Qamar Jamal, and Shumaila Usman. 2025. Vitamin D deficiency with breast cancer: Clinicopathological correlations and implications for holistic care. Rawal Medical Journal, 50 (4), 875-877.


Chicago Style

Zafar, Shahid, Qamar Jamal, and Shumaila Usman. "Vitamin D deficiency with breast cancer: Clinicopathological correlations and implications for holistic care." Rawal Medical Journal 50 (2025), 875-877.


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Zafar, Shahid, Qamar Jamal, and Shumaila Usman. "Vitamin D deficiency with breast cancer: Clinicopathological correlations and implications for holistic care." Rawal Medical Journal 50.4 (2025), 875-877. Print.


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Zafar, S., Jamal, . Q. & Usman, . S. (2025) Vitamin D deficiency with breast cancer: Clinicopathological correlations and implications for holistic care. Rawal Medical Journal, 50 (4), 875-877.


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