Anxiety and depression in proctitis in patients with extensive colitis

Hina Sultan; Ghulam Ishaq; Maryam Gul; Komal Razzaq; Rubia Azam

Abstract
Objective: To compare anxiety and depression between proctitis to extensive colitis patients and healthy controls across gender.
Methodology: 5 (Ulcerative Colitis) X 2 (Gender) multifactorial cross-sectional designs were adopted. Data were collected form Gastroenterology Department of Mayo Hospital during January to June 2021. Out of 600 participants, we purposively sampled 300 patients suffering from different stages of Ulcerative Colitis including 36(12%) proctitis, 40(13.3%) proctosigmoiditis, 124(41.3%) left sided and 100(33.3%) extensive colitis patients. A healthy control group of 300 individuals living in community were purposively selected for comparison. Demographic information form along Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory were used to collect data which was analysed through SPSS 23.
Results: MANOVA examined gender and Ulcerative Colitis for anxiety and depression as dependent variables and found Ulcerative Colitis (Wilks' Lambda=.01, F(8)=375.61, p=.001) and gender (Wilks' Lambda=.70, F(2)=31.45, p=.001) were significant, however the interaction was not. ANOVA for Ulcerative Colitis revealed significant effects for anxiety, F(4,590)=460.36, p=.001,η2 =.92 and depression F(4,590)=3823.89, p=.001,η2 =.99. Anxiety and depression were significantly higher in extensive colitis patients followed by distal, proctosigmoiditis, proctitis and controls. Women had more anxiety and depression than men. However, the averages reached to severe anxiety and depression in stage 4 male and female patients.
Conclusion: Medical professionals should assess anxiety and depression as integral parts of Ulcerative Colitis assay and refer distal and extensive colitis patients to mental health clinicians to cope better with their physical and psychological issues associated with the ailment.

Key words: Proctitis, proctosigmoiditis, distal colitis, extensive colitis, anxiety, depression.

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