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Original Research
Online Published: 29 Oct 2026
 
RMJ. 2026; 51(4): 1006-1010

doi: 10.5455/rmj.20260425072337


Effectiveness of electrotherapy and Codman’s Exercise for improving pain in frozen shoulder patients

Rakhmad Rosadi, Sri Sunaringsih Ika Wardojo, Sun Qianhui, Tri Hutami Wardoyo, Rendra Pramudya.


Abstract
Objective: To assess the Electrotherapy Intervention (EI) or Codman's Exercises (CE) training to ease frozen shoulder discomfort.
Methodology: This randomized clinical trial was conducted at UB and UMM Hospital in Malang from January to April 2025 and included 75 patients (47 men and 28 women) with idiopathic frozen shoulder. Patients with limited active and passive shoulder motions, nocturnal discomfort, and one-shoulder pain were enrolled. Group I (Codman's exercise+electrotherapy intervention) (n=25), Group II (electrotherapy alone) (n=25), and Group III (control group) were randomly assigned. Intervention was for four weeks for groups I and II. VAS assessed pain before and after week four. A pairwise T-test, one-way ANOVA, and Post Hoc analyses were performed.
Results: Electrotherapy routine significantly reduced frozen shoulder pain (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Electrotherapy significantly reduced adhesive capsulitis pain.

Key words: Electrotherapy, exercise, pain, frozen shoulder.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Rosadi R, Wardojo SSI, Qianhui S, Wardoyo TH, Pramudya R. Effectiveness of electrotherapy and Codman’s Exercise for improving pain in frozen shoulder patients. RMJ. 2026; 51(4): 1006-1010.

doi:10.5455/rmj.20260425072337

Web Style

Rosadi R, Wardojo SSI, Qianhui S, Wardoyo TH, Pramudya R. Effectiveness of electrotherapy and Codman’s Exercise for improving pain in frozen shoulder patients. https://www.rmj.org.pk/?mno=318620 [Access: November 11, 2026].

doi:10.5455/rmj.20260425072337

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Rosadi R, Wardojo SSI, Qianhui S, Wardoyo TH, Pramudya R. Effectiveness of electrotherapy and Codman’s Exercise for improving pain in frozen shoulder patients. RMJ. 2026; 51(4): 1006-1010.


doi:10.5455/rmj.20260425072337

Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Rosadi R, Wardojo SSI, Qianhui S, Wardoyo TH, Pramudya R. Effectiveness of electrotherapy and Codman’s Exercise for improving pain in frozen shoulder patients. RMJ. (2026), [cited November 11, 2026]; 51(4): 1006-1010.


doi:10.5455/rmj.20260425072337

Harvard Style

Rosadi, R., Wardojo, . S. S. I., Qianhui, . S., Wardoyo, . T. H. & Pramudya, . R. (2026) Effectiveness of electrotherapy and Codman’s Exercise for improving pain in frozen shoulder patients. RMJ, 51 (4), 1006-1010.


doi:10.5455/rmj.20260425072337

Turabian Style

Rosadi, Rakhmad, Sri Sunaringsih Ika Wardojo, Sun Qianhui, Tri Hutami Wardoyo, and Rendra Pramudya. 2026. Effectiveness of electrotherapy and Codman’s Exercise for improving pain in frozen shoulder patients. Rawal Medical Journal, 51 (4), 1006-1010.


doi:10.5455/rmj.20260425072337

Chicago Style

Rosadi, Rakhmad, Sri Sunaringsih Ika Wardojo, Sun Qianhui, Tri Hutami Wardoyo, and Rendra Pramudya. "Effectiveness of electrotherapy and Codman’s Exercise for improving pain in frozen shoulder patients." Rawal Medical Journal 51 (2026), 1006-1010.


doi:10.5455/rmj.20260425072337

MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Rosadi, Rakhmad, Sri Sunaringsih Ika Wardojo, Sun Qianhui, Tri Hutami Wardoyo, and Rendra Pramudya. "Effectiveness of electrotherapy and Codman’s Exercise for improving pain in frozen shoulder patients." Rawal Medical Journal 51.4 (2026), 1006-1010. Print.


doi:10.5455/rmj.20260425072337

APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Rosadi, R., Wardojo, . S. S. I., Qianhui, . S., Wardoyo, . T. H. & Pramudya, . R. (2026) Effectiveness of electrotherapy and Codman’s Exercise for improving pain in frozen shoulder patients. Rawal Medical Journal, 51 (4), 1006-1010.


doi:10.5455/rmj.20260425072337

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