ISSN 0303-5212
 
2026, Vol: 51, Issue: 4
51 / 4Current Issue Online FirstArchiveAims and ScopeAbstracting & IndexingMost Accessed ArticlesMost Downloaded ArticlesMost Cited Articles
Required files to be uploaded

Author_Certificate-old
Bank Reciept

Original Research
Online Published: 31 Aug 2026
 
RMJ. 2026; 51(4): 999-1005


Congenital anomalies among internally displaced pashtun populations from conflict-affected Waziristan region at Pakistan-Afghanistan border

Muhammad Kabir, Muhammad Asghar Khan, Saima Naz, Sara Mumtaz, Sajid Malik.


Abstract
Objective: To assess the prevalence and burden of congenital and hereditary anomalies (CA) among internally displaced persons (IDPs) from North and South Waziristan, Pakistan.
Methodology: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, IDPs with CA from North and South Waziristan and currently residing in Dera Ismail Khan and Bannu districts were recruited. Phenotypic and biodemographic data were recorded, and descriptive statistics were applied.
Results: This study included 349 individuals (244 males, 105 females). Majority originated from South Waziristan (78%) and belonged to Mahsud and Burki ethnicities (77%). CA were classified into seven major and 74 minor categories. The most prevalent category was neuromuscular anomalies (24%). There were statistically significant differences in the distribution of major categories of CA with respect to district of origin, age groups, and ethnicity.
Conclusion: Neuromuscular anomalies were the most common anomalies found. At least one third of the CA were of preventable nature. The impact of CA can be reduced through improved health education, perinatal care, and targeted public health interventions for IDPs.

Key words: Birth defects, hereditary anomalies, descriptive epidemiology, internally displaced persons, neuromuscular anomalies, neurological disorders.


 
ARTICLE TOOLS
Abstract
PDF Fulltext
How to cite this articleHow to cite this article
Citation Tools
Related Records
 Articles by Muhammad Kabir
Articles by Muhammad Asghar Khan
Articles by Saima Naz
Articles by Sara Mumtaz
Articles by Sajid Malik
on Google
on Google Scholar

How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Kabir M, Khan MA, Naz S, Mumtaz S, Malik S. Congenital anomalies among internally displaced pashtun populations from conflict-affected Waziristan region at Pakistan-Afghanistan border. RMJ. 2026; 51(4): 999-1005.

Web Style

Kabir M, Khan MA, Naz S, Mumtaz S, Malik S. Congenital anomalies among internally displaced pashtun populations from conflict-affected Waziristan region at Pakistan-Afghanistan border. https://www.rmj.org.pk/?mno=274506 [Access: November 11, 2026].

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Kabir M, Khan MA, Naz S, Mumtaz S, Malik S. Congenital anomalies among internally displaced pashtun populations from conflict-affected Waziristan region at Pakistan-Afghanistan border. RMJ. 2026; 51(4): 999-1005.


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Kabir M, Khan MA, Naz S, Mumtaz S, Malik S. Congenital anomalies among internally displaced pashtun populations from conflict-affected Waziristan region at Pakistan-Afghanistan border. RMJ. (2026), [cited November 11, 2026]; 51(4): 999-1005.


Harvard Style

Kabir, M., Khan, . M. A., Naz, . S., Mumtaz, . S. & Malik, . S. (2026) Congenital anomalies among internally displaced pashtun populations from conflict-affected Waziristan region at Pakistan-Afghanistan border. RMJ, 51 (4), 999-1005.


Turabian Style

Kabir, Muhammad, Muhammad Asghar Khan, Saima Naz, Sara Mumtaz, and Sajid Malik. 2026. Congenital anomalies among internally displaced pashtun populations from conflict-affected Waziristan region at Pakistan-Afghanistan border. Rawal Medical Journal, 51 (4), 999-1005.


Chicago Style

Kabir, Muhammad, Muhammad Asghar Khan, Saima Naz, Sara Mumtaz, and Sajid Malik. "Congenital anomalies among internally displaced pashtun populations from conflict-affected Waziristan region at Pakistan-Afghanistan border." Rawal Medical Journal 51 (2026), 999-1005.


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Kabir, Muhammad, Muhammad Asghar Khan, Saima Naz, Sara Mumtaz, and Sajid Malik. "Congenital anomalies among internally displaced pashtun populations from conflict-affected Waziristan region at Pakistan-Afghanistan border." Rawal Medical Journal 51.4 (2026), 999-1005. Print.


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Kabir, M., Khan, . M. A., Naz, . S., Mumtaz, . S. & Malik, . S. (2026) Congenital anomalies among internally displaced pashtun populations from conflict-affected Waziristan region at Pakistan-Afghanistan border. Rawal Medical Journal, 51 (4), 999-1005.



Author LoginReviewer LoginEditorial PoliciesConflict of Interest PolicyPlagiarism PolicyAdvertising Policy

About Rawal Medical Journal

Publication, subscription and Editorial office PMA House G/220-B Liaquat Road, Rawalpindi. Phone: 051-555-9812, Fax: 051-553-7088 Email: drnkhokhar@ya ... Read more.



For best results, please use Internet Explorer or Google Chrome.

Contact Information