Multifactorial risk assessment in hypertensive pathology by exploring lifestyle patterns with antihypertensive medication efficacy

Muhammad Ehsan; Seemi Tanvir; Madeeha Minhas; Syed Azhar Hussain Zaidi; Naveeta Rathi; Shahid Ali

2026, Vol: 51, Issue: 1

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Original Research

RMJ. 2026; 51(1): 24-27

Multifactorial risk assessment in hypertensive pathology by exploring lifestyle patterns with antihypertensive medication efficacy

Muhammad Ehsan, Seemi Tanvir, Madeeha Minhas, Syed Azhar Hussain Zaidi, Naveeta Rathi, Shahid Ali.

Abstract
Objective: To assess the way in which distinctive lifestyle patterns affect the efficiency of antihypertensive therapy in adult patients.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted from January to May 2023 and included 150 hypertensive patients aged 30 to 70 years at a tertiary care center. Groups were formed based on physical activity, diet, smoking, use of alcohol, sleep, and stress management, and identified as ‘healthy’ and ‘unhealthy’ lifestyle groups. Clinical data, including BMI, comorbidities, and blood pressure levels, were recorded. Blood pressure control was measured according to antihypertensive regimens (monotherapy, dual therapy, or triple therapy). Data were analyzed using SPSS 26. Associations between categorical variables were assessed by chi-square tests.
Results: Differences among healthy and unhealthy groups were highly significant for physical activity (80% vs. 13.3%), salt restriction (70% vs. 20%), and sleep adequacy (85% vs. 40%; p<0.001). Patients with healthy lifestyles showed better blood pressure control with monotherapy (80% vs. 40%, p<0.001) and dual therapy (84% vs. 70%, p=0.042).
Conclusion: The effectiveness of antihypertensive treatment is influenced by lifestyle behaviors. Those patients who adhered to the recommended healthier habits had better blood pressure control, especially with fewer medicines.

Key words: Hypertension, lifestyle patterns, antihypertensive therapy, risk assessment, patient compliance.

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How to Cite this Article

Pubmed Style

Ehsan M, Tanvir S, Minhas M, Zaidi SAH, Rathi N, Ali S. Multifactorial risk assessment in hypertensive pathology by exploring lifestyle patterns with antihypertensive medication efficacy. RMJ. 2026; 51(1): 24-27.

Web Style

Ehsan M, Tanvir S, Minhas M, Zaidi SAH, Rathi N, Ali S. Multifactorial risk assessment in hypertensive pathology by exploring lifestyle patterns with antihypertensive medication efficacy. https://www.rmj.org.pk/?mno=263095 [Access: February 25, 2026].

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Ehsan M, Tanvir S, Minhas M, Zaidi SAH, Rathi N, Ali S. Multifactorial risk assessment in hypertensive pathology by exploring lifestyle patterns with antihypertensive medication efficacy. RMJ. 2026; 51(1): 24-27.

Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Harvard Style

Ehsan, M., Tanvir, . S., Minhas, . M., Zaidi, . S. A. H., Rathi, . N. & Ali, . S. (2026) Multifactorial risk assessment in hypertensive pathology by exploring lifestyle patterns with antihypertensive medication efficacy. RMJ, 51 (1), 24-27.

Turabian Style

Ehsan, Muhammad, Seemi Tanvir, Madeeha Minhas, Syed Azhar Hussain Zaidi, Naveeta Rathi, and Shahid Ali. 2026. Multifactorial risk assessment in hypertensive pathology by exploring lifestyle patterns with antihypertensive medication efficacy. Rawal Medical Journal, 51 (1), 24-27.

Chicago Style

Ehsan, Muhammad, Seemi Tanvir, Madeeha Minhas, Syed Azhar Hussain Zaidi, Naveeta Rathi, and Shahid Ali. "Multifactorial risk assessment in hypertensive pathology by exploring lifestyle patterns with antihypertensive medication efficacy." Rawal Medical Journal 51 (2026), 24-27.

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