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Original Research 
RMJ. 2025; 50(4): 858-861


Clinical spectra of diabetic foot in a tertiary care hospital Abbottabad, Pakistan

Haidar Zaman, Muhammad Bilal, Awais Waqar, Adil Hussain Shah, Salman Ahmad Khan, Maaz Akram.


Abstract
Objective: To define the clinical spectra of diabetic foot syndrome like ischemia, ulcer, gangrene, which can lead to amputation.
Methodology: This prospective study was conducted in the Department of Medicine, Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad, Pakistan from June 27, 2022, to December 27, 2022. A sample of 228 patients was collected by using clinical data of patients and questionnaire and analysed by SPSS version 21.
Result: Out of 228 patients, 128 (56.2%) had septic diabetic foot, 56 (24.5%) had ulcerative diabetic foot, and 32 (14.1%) had gangrenous diabetic foot. The three types of diabetic foot syndrome differed considerably in terms of poor glycaemic control (HbA1c >7.5%). The ulcerative diabetic foot syndrome had the highest percentage (84.2%). The rate of major amputations (12.2%) and toe amputations (40.3%) was highest in the gangrenous diabetic foot syndrome. For both septic and gangrenous diabetic foot syndromes, the rate of minor amputations was 22.8%.
Conclusion: The ulcerative diabetic foot syndrome was most associated with poor glycaemic control, while gangrenous diabetic foot syndrome had the highest rates of major and toe amputations. There is need for early, tailored interventions to manage each type effectively and improve patient outcomes.

Key words: Diabetic foot, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, glycemic control.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Zaman H, Bilal M, Waqar A, Shah AH, Khan SA, Akram M. Clinical spectra of diabetic foot in a tertiary care hospital Abbottabad, Pakistan. RMJ. 2025; 50(4): 858-861.

Web Style

Zaman H, Bilal M, Waqar A, Shah AH, Khan SA, Akram M. Clinical spectra of diabetic foot in a tertiary care hospital Abbottabad, Pakistan. https://www.rmj.org.pk/?mno=196722 [Access: October 29, 2025].

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Zaman H, Bilal M, Waqar A, Shah AH, Khan SA, Akram M. Clinical spectra of diabetic foot in a tertiary care hospital Abbottabad, Pakistan. RMJ. 2025; 50(4): 858-861.


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Zaman H, Bilal M, Waqar A, Shah AH, Khan SA, Akram M. Clinical spectra of diabetic foot in a tertiary care hospital Abbottabad, Pakistan. RMJ. (2025), [cited October 29, 2025]; 50(4): 858-861.


Harvard Style

Zaman, H., Bilal, . M., Waqar, . A., Shah, . A. H., Khan, . S. A. & Akram, . M. (2025) Clinical spectra of diabetic foot in a tertiary care hospital Abbottabad, Pakistan. RMJ, 50 (4), 858-861.


Turabian Style

Zaman, Haidar, Muhammad Bilal, Awais Waqar, Adil Hussain Shah, Salman Ahmad Khan, and Maaz Akram. 2025. Clinical spectra of diabetic foot in a tertiary care hospital Abbottabad, Pakistan. Rawal Medical Journal, 50 (4), 858-861.


Chicago Style

Zaman, Haidar, Muhammad Bilal, Awais Waqar, Adil Hussain Shah, Salman Ahmad Khan, and Maaz Akram. "Clinical spectra of diabetic foot in a tertiary care hospital Abbottabad, Pakistan." Rawal Medical Journal 50 (2025), 858-861.


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Zaman, Haidar, Muhammad Bilal, Awais Waqar, Adil Hussain Shah, Salman Ahmad Khan, and Maaz Akram. "Clinical spectra of diabetic foot in a tertiary care hospital Abbottabad, Pakistan." Rawal Medical Journal 50.4 (2025), 858-861. Print.


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Zaman, H., Bilal, . M., Waqar, . A., Shah, . A. H., Khan, . S. A. & Akram, . M. (2025) Clinical spectra of diabetic foot in a tertiary care hospital Abbottabad, Pakistan. Rawal Medical Journal, 50 (4), 858-861.


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