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Original Research
Online Published: 16 Oct 2026
 
RMJ. 2026; 51(4): 1112-1116


Estimation of stature from hand and foot dimensions in the general population of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan: A forensic anthropological study

Sadia Syed, Nataraja Moorthy Tharmar, Nur Waliyuddin Hanis Bin Zainal Abidin, Muhammad Khan Asif, Helmi Muhammad Hadi.


Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the relationship between stature, hand and foot dimensions, and to develop sex-specific regression models for stature estimation in an adult population of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study included 164 (82 males and 82 females) healthy adult participants. Height and bilateral hand and foot measurements were recorded using standard anthropometric techniques. Data were analyzed using SPSS 23. Sexual dimorphism and bilateral asymmetry were assessed, and Pearson correlation and linear regression analyses were performed.
Results: Significant sexual dimorphism was observed, with males showing higher mean values for stature and all measurements compared to females (p<0.05). Bilateral asymmetry was noted, particularly in length measurements. Stature demonstrated moderate to strong correlations with hand and foot lengths, while breadth measurements showed weak correlations. In males, hand length yielded the lowest SEE values (±51.91 to ±53.39 mm) followed by foot length values (62.43-63.76mm). In females, foot length yielded the lowest SEE values (54.71-56.48 mm) followed by hand length (±58.55 to ±59.84mm).
Conclusion: Hand length was observed to be the strongest predictor of stature among males, whereas foot length demonstrated the highest predictive accuracy among females. The study provides population-specific regression equations for stature estimation for Khyber Pakhtunkhwa population, which may assist forensic investigations involving partial human remains.

Key words: Identification, forensic anthropology, stature, hands and feet, Pakistan.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Syed S, Tharmar NM, , Asif MK, Hadi HM. Estimation of stature from hand and foot dimensions in the general population of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan: A forensic anthropological study. RMJ. 2026; 51(4): 1112-1116.

Web Style

Syed S, Tharmar NM, , Asif MK, Hadi HM. Estimation of stature from hand and foot dimensions in the general population of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan: A forensic anthropological study. https://www.rmj.org.pk/?mno=304666 [Access: November 11, 2026].

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Syed S, Tharmar NM, , Asif MK, Hadi HM. Estimation of stature from hand and foot dimensions in the general population of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan: A forensic anthropological study. RMJ. 2026; 51(4): 1112-1116.


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Syed S, Tharmar NM, , Asif MK, Hadi HM. Estimation of stature from hand and foot dimensions in the general population of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan: A forensic anthropological study. RMJ. (2026), [cited November 11, 2026]; 51(4): 1112-1116.


Harvard Style

Syed, S., Tharmar, . N. M., , Asif, . M. K. & Hadi, . H. M. (2026) Estimation of stature from hand and foot dimensions in the general population of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan: A forensic anthropological study. RMJ, 51 (4), 1112-1116.


Turabian Style

Syed, Sadia, Nataraja Moorthy Tharmar, Nur Waliyuddin Hanis Bin Zainal Abidin, Muhammad Khan Asif, and Helmi Muhammad Hadi. 2026. Estimation of stature from hand and foot dimensions in the general population of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan: A forensic anthropological study. Rawal Medical Journal, 51 (4), 1112-1116.


Chicago Style

Syed, Sadia, Nataraja Moorthy Tharmar, Nur Waliyuddin Hanis Bin Zainal Abidin, Muhammad Khan Asif, and Helmi Muhammad Hadi. "Estimation of stature from hand and foot dimensions in the general population of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan: A forensic anthropological study." Rawal Medical Journal 51 (2026), 1112-1116.


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Syed, Sadia, Nataraja Moorthy Tharmar, Nur Waliyuddin Hanis Bin Zainal Abidin, Muhammad Khan Asif, and Helmi Muhammad Hadi. "Estimation of stature from hand and foot dimensions in the general population of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan: A forensic anthropological study." Rawal Medical Journal 51.4 (2026), 1112-1116. Print.


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Syed, S., Tharmar, . N. M., , Asif, . M. K. & Hadi, . H. M. (2026) Estimation of stature from hand and foot dimensions in the general population of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan: A forensic anthropological study. Rawal Medical Journal, 51 (4), 1112-1116.



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