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Original Research
Online Published: 24 Sep 2026
 
RMJ. 2026; 51(4): 1073-1076


Prevalence of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism in children suffering from pneumonia

Sumbla Ghaznavi, Munir Ahmed Bhinder, Junaid Rashid, Nasir Rana.


Abstract
Objective: Prevalence of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism in children suffering from pneumonia in Lahore, Pakistan.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study included 189 children aged 6-24 months. We analyzed four single nucleotide polymorphisms of vitamin D receptor: rs2228570 (Fokl), rs1544410 (Bsml), rs7975232 (Apal) and rs731236 (Taql) for their association with pneumonia using RFLP-PCR.
Results: The results showed that frequency of AC genotype of Apal (rs7975232) (OR=3.65, p=0.002) and AG genotype of Fokl (rs2228570) (OR=2.90, p=0.03) were approximately three times more common in malnourished children suffering from pneumonia.
Conclusion: The association of Apal and Fokl polymorphisms in malnourished children indicated an alteration in the functioning of the immune system, thereby increasing the susceptibility to pneumonia. These findings suggest robust treatment for these children to overcome this deficiency.

Key words: VDR – vitamin D receptor, SNPs – single nucleotide polymorphisms, pneumonia, malnourishment.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Ghaznavi S, Bhinder MA, Rashid J, Rana N. Prevalence of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism in children suffering from pneumonia. RMJ. 2026; 51(4): 1073-1076.

Web Style

Ghaznavi S, Bhinder MA, Rashid J, Rana N. Prevalence of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism in children suffering from pneumonia. https://www.rmj.org.pk/?mno=298020 [Access: November 11, 2026].

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Ghaznavi S, Bhinder MA, Rashid J, Rana N. Prevalence of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism in children suffering from pneumonia. RMJ. 2026; 51(4): 1073-1076.


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Ghaznavi S, Bhinder MA, Rashid J, Rana N. Prevalence of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism in children suffering from pneumonia. RMJ. (2026), [cited November 11, 2026]; 51(4): 1073-1076.


Harvard Style

Ghaznavi, S., Bhinder, . M. A., Rashid, . J. & Rana, . N. (2026) Prevalence of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism in children suffering from pneumonia. RMJ, 51 (4), 1073-1076.


Turabian Style

Ghaznavi, Sumbla, Munir Ahmed Bhinder, Junaid Rashid, and Nasir Rana. 2026. Prevalence of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism in children suffering from pneumonia. Rawal Medical Journal, 51 (4), 1073-1076.


Chicago Style

Ghaznavi, Sumbla, Munir Ahmed Bhinder, Junaid Rashid, and Nasir Rana. "Prevalence of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism in children suffering from pneumonia." Rawal Medical Journal 51 (2026), 1073-1076.


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Ghaznavi, Sumbla, Munir Ahmed Bhinder, Junaid Rashid, and Nasir Rana. "Prevalence of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism in children suffering from pneumonia." Rawal Medical Journal 51.4 (2026), 1073-1076. Print.


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Ghaznavi, S., Bhinder, . M. A., Rashid, . J. & Rana, . N. (2026) Prevalence of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism in children suffering from pneumonia. Rawal Medical Journal, 51 (4), 1073-1076.



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