ISSN 0303-5212
 
2026, Vol: 51, Issue: 1
51 / 1Current Issue Online FirstArchiveAims and ScopeAbstracting & IndexingMost Accessed ArticlesMost Downloaded ArticlesMost Cited Articles
Required files to be uploaded

Author_Certificate-old
Bank Reciept

Original Research 


Precipitating Factors of Hepatic Encephalopathy

Mohammad Tariq, * Saleem Iqbal, ** Naji Ullah Khan, * Rabia Basri***.


Abstract
Objective: To analyze the precipitating factors of hepatic encephalopathy
(HE).
Methods: Two hundred admitted patients with liver cirrhosis with HE from
1st January 2006 to 30th September 2006 were included in the study. Grades
of HE and Child’s Pugh classification was also determined.
Results: Out of 200 patients, 106 (53%) were male and 94 (47%) female.
Amongst the precipitating factors, 30% had constipation, 29% upper
gastrointestinal bleed (GIB), 8% spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP),
19.5% urinary tract infection (UTI), 2.5% lower respiratory tract infection
and 3% had diarrhea. There was hyponatremia in 1.5% and hypokalemia in
4.5% patients. High protein diet in 0.5% and bromazepam intake in 1%
were presumed precipitating factors and 0.5% had antituberculous therapy
induced liver injury.
Conclusion: Constipation, gastrointestinal bleeding and infections were the
most common precipitating factors of HE in our patients. (Rawal Med J
2009;34:95-97).

Key words: Hepatic Encephalopathy, liver cirrhosis, precipitating factors, portosystemic encephalopathy.


 
ARTICLE TOOLS
Abstract
PDF Fulltext
How to cite this articleHow to cite this article
Citation Tools
Related Records
 Articles by Mohammad Tariq
Articles by * Saleem Iqbal
Articles by ** Naji ullah Khan
Articles by * Rabia Basri***
on Google
on Google Scholar

How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Tariq M, Iqbal S, Khan NU, Basri R. Precipitating Factors of Hepatic Encephalopathy. RMJ. 2009; 34(1): 95-97.

Web Style

Tariq M, Iqbal S, Khan NU, Basri R. Precipitating Factors of Hepatic Encephalopathy. https://www.rmj.org.pk/?mno=7229 [Access: October 29, 2025].

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Tariq M, Iqbal S, Khan NU, Basri R. Precipitating Factors of Hepatic Encephalopathy. RMJ. 2009; 34(1): 95-97.


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Tariq M, Iqbal S, Khan NU, Basri R. Precipitating Factors of Hepatic Encephalopathy. RMJ. (2009), [cited October 29, 2025]; 34(1): 95-97.


Harvard Style

Tariq, M., Iqbal, . S., Khan, . N. U. & Basri, . R. (2009) Precipitating Factors of Hepatic Encephalopathy. RMJ, 34 (1), 95-97.


Turabian Style

Tariq, Mohammad, Saleem Iqbal, Naji Ullah Khan, and Rabia Basri. 2009. Precipitating Factors of Hepatic Encephalopathy. Rawal Medical Journal, 34 (1), 95-97.


Chicago Style

Tariq, Mohammad, Saleem Iqbal, Naji Ullah Khan, and Rabia Basri. "Precipitating Factors of Hepatic Encephalopathy." Rawal Medical Journal 34 (2009), 95-97.


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Tariq, Mohammad, Saleem Iqbal, Naji Ullah Khan, and Rabia Basri. "Precipitating Factors of Hepatic Encephalopathy." Rawal Medical Journal 34.1 (2009), 95-97. Print.


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Tariq, M., Iqbal, . S., Khan, . N. U. & Basri, . R. (2009) Precipitating Factors of Hepatic Encephalopathy. Rawal Medical Journal, 34 (1), 95-97.


Author LoginReviewer LoginEditorial PoliciesConflict of Interest PolicyPlagiarism PolicyAdvertising Policy

About Rawal Medical Journal

Publication, subscription and Editorial office PMA House G/220-B Liaquat Road, Rawalpindi. Phone: 051-555-9812, Fax: 051-553-7088 Email: drnkhokhar@ya ... Read more.



For best results, please use Internet Explorer or Google Chrome.

Contact Information