Prevalence of bacteria isolated from the patients admitted in intensive care unit and their antibiotic susceptibility

Saeeda Nabat ul Hassan; Khushbu Farva; Ghulam Asghar Bhutta; Sadia Zia; Yasmeen Lashari; Mahreen Mahmood

Abstract
Objective: To determine prevalence of bacteria causing nosocomial infections among patients admitted in intensive care unit and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern.

Methodology: This cross sectional observational study was conducted in Pathology department of Sahara Medical College, Narowal from August 2020 to January 2021. Patients admitted in intensive care unit had specimens taken for bacterial culture of blood, urine, catheter tip, tracheal secretions or pus and were cultured on suitable culture media. Gram staining and standard biochemical methods were used to identify organisms. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern was determined on Mueller Hinton agar using disc diffusion method against conventional and newer antibiotics.

Results: Out of 200 bacterial samples, 120 did not show any growth while 80 showed growth. Isolated bacteria included E. coli (36.3%), K. pneumoniae (13.7%), P. aeruginosa (10%), Proteus spp. (21.3%), Acinetobacter (12.5%) and S. aureus (6.2%). Urinary tract infection was present in 36.2% cases and respiratory tract infection in 17.5% cases. Staphylococcus aureus was highly sensitive to imipenem (100%) and cefoxitin (100%). E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, Proteus spp and Acinetobacter were highly sensitive to imipenem (93%).

Conclusion: Gram negative organisms were commonly isolated from patients admitted in ICU. Out of gram-positive organisms, staphylococcus aureus was most common. Gram-negative organisms were partially sensitive to most antimicrobials while staph aureus showed increased resistance.

Key words: Intensive care unit, Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, nosocomial infection, antimicrobial susceptibility.

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