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2026, Vol: 51, Issue: 3
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Original Research 


Endothelin-1 Gene Polymorphisms and their effect on endothelin-1, interleukin 6 and 18 concentrations in diabetic-hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease

Radhwan Shukur Uso, Ruqaya Muammed Gharib Al-barzinji.


Abstract
Objective: To evaluate serum endothelin-1 (ET-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-18 (IL-18), and ET-1 gene polymorphism (rs5370) in CAD patients with diabetes and hypertension.
Methodology: This prospective case-control study included 100 CAD patients with DM/HTN and 100 healthy controls. Biomarkers were quantified by ELISA; rs5370 was genotyped via ARMS-PCR.
Results: CAD patients had significantly higher ET-1, IL-6, IL-18, and hsCRP (p<0.001). TT genotype of rs5370 was patient-specific and linked to higher biomarker levels. Combined biomarker panel showed strong diagnostic accuracy (AUC=0.93).
Conclusion: Elevated ET-1, IL-6, and IL-18, along with ET-1 polymorphism, suggest synergistic genetic-inflammatory mechanisms in CAD progression among diabetic-hypertensive patients. Multi-marker profiling improves early CAD detection.

Key words: Coronary artery disease, endothelin-1, IL-6, IL-18, gene polymorphism, diabetes, hypertension.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Uso RS, Al-barzinji RMG. Endothelin-1 Gene Polymorphisms and their effect on endothelin-1, interleukin 6 and 18 concentrations in diabetic-hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease. RMJ. 2026; 51(3): 627-631. doi:10.5455/rmj.20260404100704

Web Style

Uso RS, Al-barzinji RMG. Endothelin-1 Gene Polymorphisms and their effect on endothelin-1, interleukin 6 and 18 concentrations in diabetic-hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease. https://www.rmj.org.pk/?mno=316339 [Access: August 19, 2026]. doi:10.5455/rmj.20260404100704

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Uso RS, Al-barzinji RMG. Endothelin-1 Gene Polymorphisms and their effect on endothelin-1, interleukin 6 and 18 concentrations in diabetic-hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease. RMJ. 2026; 51(3): 627-631. doi:10.5455/rmj.20260404100704


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Uso RS, Al-barzinji RMG. Endothelin-1 Gene Polymorphisms and their effect on endothelin-1, interleukin 6 and 18 concentrations in diabetic-hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease. RMJ. (2026), [cited August 19, 2026]; 51(3): 627-631. doi:10.5455/rmj.20260404100704


Harvard Style

Uso, R. S. & Al-barzinji, . R. M. G. (2026) Endothelin-1 Gene Polymorphisms and their effect on endothelin-1, interleukin 6 and 18 concentrations in diabetic-hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease. RMJ, 51 (3), 627-631. doi:10.5455/rmj.20260404100704


Turabian Style

Uso, Radhwan Shukur, and Ruqaya Muammed Gharib Al-barzinji. 2026. Endothelin-1 Gene Polymorphisms and their effect on endothelin-1, interleukin 6 and 18 concentrations in diabetic-hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease. Rawal Medical Journal, 51 (3), 627-631. doi:10.5455/rmj.20260404100704


Chicago Style

Uso, Radhwan Shukur, and Ruqaya Muammed Gharib Al-barzinji. "Endothelin-1 Gene Polymorphisms and their effect on endothelin-1, interleukin 6 and 18 concentrations in diabetic-hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease." Rawal Medical Journal 51 (2026), 627-631. doi:10.5455/rmj.20260404100704


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Uso, Radhwan Shukur, and Ruqaya Muammed Gharib Al-barzinji. "Endothelin-1 Gene Polymorphisms and their effect on endothelin-1, interleukin 6 and 18 concentrations in diabetic-hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease." Rawal Medical Journal 51.3 (2026), 627-631. Print. doi:10.5455/rmj.20260404100704


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Uso, R. S. & Al-barzinji, . R. M. G. (2026) Endothelin-1 Gene Polymorphisms and their effect on endothelin-1, interleukin 6 and 18 concentrations in diabetic-hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease. Rawal Medical Journal, 51 (3), 627-631. doi:10.5455/rmj.20260404100704


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