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Original Research
Online Published: 11 Sep 2026
 
RMJ. 2026; 51(4): 1107-1111


Mechanical strength, hardness, and fracture analysis of bamboo fiber reinforced Polymethylmethacrylate Denture Base Resin: An in-vitro experimental study

Hammad Hassan, Naveed Inayat, Naila Umer, Muhammad Hassan, Atiq Ur Rehman, Muhammad Abdullah Imran.


Abstract
Objective: To assess the mechanical properties of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) denture base resin reinforced with alkali-treated bamboo husk-derived micro cellulose fillers.
Methodology: This in vitro experimental study was conducted from Apr 25 to Feb 26 among three groups: control (unreinforced PMMA), 5% bamboo (PMMA with 5% bamboo fiber), and 10% bamboo (PMMA with 10% bamboo fiber). We prepared 30 samples using the compression molding technique and tested them for flexural strength, impact strength, hardness, and fracture analysis using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Descriptive statistics were used, and one-way ANOVA was employed to compare groups using SPSS 25, with p≤0.05 taken as significant.
Results: The 10% bamboo group showed a significant improvement in impact strength (17.96±1.65) (p=0.002), compared to the Control (15.76±0.73) and 5% Bamboo groups (16.15±1.31). No significant changes were observed in flexural strength, i.e., control group (68.76±4.96), 5% Bamboo (71.29±10.22), 10% Bamboo (75.33±5.98), (p=0.155). No significant change in hardness was noted for the control group (43.73±3.85), 5% bamboo (42.3±2.3), and 10% bamboo (41.69±3.11), (p=0.346). SEM analysis found that at a higher bamboo fiber concentration (10%), there was an improved fiber-to-matrix interaction.
Conclusion: The addition of bamboo fibers enhanced the impact strength of PMMA, with the 10% bamboo group showing significant improvement. However, no significant changes were found in flexural strength or hardness, suggesting that further optimization of fiber treatment and incorporation is needed to enhance overall mechanical properties.

Key words: Bamboo Fibers, denture base resin, mechanical properties, natural fibers, PMMA, reinforcement.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Hassan H, Inayat N, Umer N, Hassan M, Rehman AU, Imran MA. Mechanical strength, hardness, and fracture analysis of bamboo fiber reinforced Polymethylmethacrylate Denture Base Resin: An in-vitro experimental study. RMJ. 2026; 51(4): 1107-1111.

Web Style

Hassan H, Inayat N, Umer N, Hassan M, Rehman AU, Imran MA. Mechanical strength, hardness, and fracture analysis of bamboo fiber reinforced Polymethylmethacrylate Denture Base Resin: An in-vitro experimental study. https://www.rmj.org.pk/?mno=308015 [Access: November 11, 2026].

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Hassan H, Inayat N, Umer N, Hassan M, Rehman AU, Imran MA. Mechanical strength, hardness, and fracture analysis of bamboo fiber reinforced Polymethylmethacrylate Denture Base Resin: An in-vitro experimental study. RMJ. 2026; 51(4): 1107-1111.


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Hassan H, Inayat N, Umer N, Hassan M, Rehman AU, Imran MA. Mechanical strength, hardness, and fracture analysis of bamboo fiber reinforced Polymethylmethacrylate Denture Base Resin: An in-vitro experimental study. RMJ. (2026), [cited November 11, 2026]; 51(4): 1107-1111.


Harvard Style

Hassan, H., Inayat, . N., Umer, . N., Hassan, . M., Rehman, . A. U. & Imran, . M. A. (2026) Mechanical strength, hardness, and fracture analysis of bamboo fiber reinforced Polymethylmethacrylate Denture Base Resin: An in-vitro experimental study. RMJ, 51 (4), 1107-1111.


Turabian Style

Hassan, Hammad, Naveed Inayat, Naila Umer, Muhammad Hassan, Atiq Ur Rehman, and Muhammad Abdullah Imran. 2026. Mechanical strength, hardness, and fracture analysis of bamboo fiber reinforced Polymethylmethacrylate Denture Base Resin: An in-vitro experimental study. Rawal Medical Journal, 51 (4), 1107-1111.


Chicago Style

Hassan, Hammad, Naveed Inayat, Naila Umer, Muhammad Hassan, Atiq Ur Rehman, and Muhammad Abdullah Imran. "Mechanical strength, hardness, and fracture analysis of bamboo fiber reinforced Polymethylmethacrylate Denture Base Resin: An in-vitro experimental study." Rawal Medical Journal 51 (2026), 1107-1111.


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Hassan, Hammad, Naveed Inayat, Naila Umer, Muhammad Hassan, Atiq Ur Rehman, and Muhammad Abdullah Imran. "Mechanical strength, hardness, and fracture analysis of bamboo fiber reinforced Polymethylmethacrylate Denture Base Resin: An in-vitro experimental study." Rawal Medical Journal 51.4 (2026), 1107-1111. Print.


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Hassan, H., Inayat, . N., Umer, . N., Hassan, . M., Rehman, . A. U. & Imran, . M. A. (2026) Mechanical strength, hardness, and fracture analysis of bamboo fiber reinforced Polymethylmethacrylate Denture Base Resin: An in-vitro experimental study. Rawal Medical Journal, 51 (4), 1107-1111.



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