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Original Research
Online Published: 24 Aug 2026
 
RMJ. 2026; 51(4): 1032-1035


Frequency of anxiety and depression in patients presenting with vertigo: An integrated otorhinolaryngology–psychiatry approach

Mohsin Raza, Beenish Hassan Khan, Waqas Ayub, Sana Muhammad Sadiq, Fatima Siddiqui, Shakeel Ahmed.


Abstract
Objective: To assess the frequency of anxiety and depression among patients with chronic or recurrent vertigo and to determine their clinical and demographic predictors.
Methodology: This hospital-based analytical cross-sectional study was conducted by the Department of Otorhinolaryngology (ORL) in collaboration with the Department of Psychiatry at Niazi Welfare Foundation Teaching Hospital, Sargodha, from February to December 2025. Adults aged 18–75 years presenting to the ORL department with chronic or recurrent vertigo were enrolled using non-probability consecutive sampling. All were assessed by consultant psychiatrists for the presence of anxiety and depression using the Beck Anxiety Inventory (≥16) and Beck Depression Inventory-II (≥20), respectively. SPSS 25 was used for statistical analysis. Binary logistic regression was performed to identify predictors of anxiety and depression, with p≤0.05 considered statistically significant.
Results: A total of 424 patients (60.4% males) were recruited, with a mean age of 45.4±15.0 years. Anxiety was found in 61.3% and depression in 19.3% of cases. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) was identified in 31.8% of cases. Depression was a strong predictor of anxiety (OR=163.1, p<0.001). The presence of anxiety (OR=173.2, p<0.001), female gender, BPPV, and Meniere’s disease showed significantly higher odds for depression.
Conclusion: Integration of mental health screening into standard vertigo care is vital to ensure timely intervention, thereby improving a patients’ quality of life.

Key words: Anxiety, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, depression, Meniere disease, vestibular neuronitis, vertigo.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Raza M, Khan BH, Ayub W, Sadiq SM, Siddiqui F, Ahmed S. Frequency of anxiety and depression in patients presenting with vertigo: An integrated otorhinolaryngology–psychiatry approach. RMJ. 2026; 51(4): 1032-1035.

Web Style

Raza M, Khan BH, Ayub W, Sadiq SM, Siddiqui F, Ahmed S. Frequency of anxiety and depression in patients presenting with vertigo: An integrated otorhinolaryngology–psychiatry approach. https://www.rmj.org.pk/?mno=305783 [Access: November 11, 2026].

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Raza M, Khan BH, Ayub W, Sadiq SM, Siddiqui F, Ahmed S. Frequency of anxiety and depression in patients presenting with vertigo: An integrated otorhinolaryngology–psychiatry approach. RMJ. 2026; 51(4): 1032-1035.


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Raza M, Khan BH, Ayub W, Sadiq SM, Siddiqui F, Ahmed S. Frequency of anxiety and depression in patients presenting with vertigo: An integrated otorhinolaryngology–psychiatry approach. RMJ. (2026), [cited November 11, 2026]; 51(4): 1032-1035.


Harvard Style

Raza, M., Khan, . B. H., Ayub, . W., Sadiq, . S. M., Siddiqui, . F. & Ahmed, . S. (2026) Frequency of anxiety and depression in patients presenting with vertigo: An integrated otorhinolaryngology–psychiatry approach. RMJ, 51 (4), 1032-1035.


Turabian Style

Raza, Mohsin, Beenish Hassan Khan, Waqas Ayub, Sana Muhammad Sadiq, Fatima Siddiqui, and Shakeel Ahmed. 2026. Frequency of anxiety and depression in patients presenting with vertigo: An integrated otorhinolaryngology–psychiatry approach. Rawal Medical Journal, 51 (4), 1032-1035.


Chicago Style

Raza, Mohsin, Beenish Hassan Khan, Waqas Ayub, Sana Muhammad Sadiq, Fatima Siddiqui, and Shakeel Ahmed. "Frequency of anxiety and depression in patients presenting with vertigo: An integrated otorhinolaryngology–psychiatry approach." Rawal Medical Journal 51 (2026), 1032-1035.


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Raza, Mohsin, Beenish Hassan Khan, Waqas Ayub, Sana Muhammad Sadiq, Fatima Siddiqui, and Shakeel Ahmed. "Frequency of anxiety and depression in patients presenting with vertigo: An integrated otorhinolaryngology–psychiatry approach." Rawal Medical Journal 51.4 (2026), 1032-1035. Print.


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Raza, M., Khan, . B. H., Ayub, . W., Sadiq, . S. M., Siddiqui, . F. & Ahmed, . S. (2026) Frequency of anxiety and depression in patients presenting with vertigo: An integrated otorhinolaryngology–psychiatry approach. Rawal Medical Journal, 51 (4), 1032-1035.



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