Awareness and knowledge of biomedical waste management among medical Students in Quetta, Pakistan

Faiza Akhtar; Rizwan Akhtar; Safdar Shah Khan; Nelofer Jamil; Muhammad Asif

2026, Vol: 51, Issue: 4

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Original Research
Online Published: 24 Sep 2026

RMJ. 2026; 51(4): 975-977

Awareness and knowledge of biomedical waste management among medical Students in Quetta, Pakistan

Faiza Akhtar, Rizwan Akhtar, Safdar Shah Khan, Nelofer Jamil, Muhammad Asif.

Abstract
Objective: To assess the awareness of biomedical waste management (BMWM) among medical students in the medical institutions of Quetta, Pakistan.
Methodology: A self‑administered questionnaire comprised of 23 closed-ended (structured) questions was given to Medical Students (MS) to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and awareness regarding BMWM in two medical Institutes of Quetta. A total of 504 undergraduate MS participated.
Results: Most students did not follow proper procedures for segregation and disposal of BMW; only 27% properly disposed of it, and 33% failed to discard sharps in appropriate bags. Only 11% MS have taken proper training courses in BMWM and out of them, only 5% used these BMWM techniques effectively. Only 29% have theoretical knowledge about the latest strategies adopted in BMWM worldwide.
Conclusion: Participants' knowledge and awareness levels were insufficient, and there were significant differences in management and practice regarding BMWM.

Key words: Biomedical waste management, hospital waste management, Quetta, Balochistan.

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How to Cite this Article

Pubmed Style

Akhtar F, Akhtar R, Khan SS, Jamil N, Asif M. Awareness and knowledge of biomedical waste management among medical Students in Quetta, Pakistan. RMJ. 2026; 51(4): 975-977.

Web Style

Akhtar F, Akhtar R, Khan SS, Jamil N, Asif M. Awareness and knowledge of biomedical waste management among medical Students in Quetta, Pakistan. https://www.rmj.org.pk/?mno=299624 [Access: November 11, 2026].

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Akhtar F, Akhtar R, Khan SS, Jamil N, Asif M. Awareness and knowledge of biomedical waste management among medical Students in Quetta, Pakistan. RMJ. 2026; 51(4): 975-977.

Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Akhtar F, Akhtar R, Khan SS, Jamil N, Asif M. Awareness and knowledge of biomedical waste management among medical Students in Quetta, Pakistan. RMJ. (2026), [cited November 11, 2026]; 51(4): 975-977.

Harvard Style

Akhtar, F., Akhtar, . R., Khan, . S. S., Jamil, . N. & Asif, . M. (2026) Awareness and knowledge of biomedical waste management among medical Students in Quetta, Pakistan. RMJ, 51 (4), 975-977.

Turabian Style

Akhtar, Faiza, Rizwan Akhtar, Safdar Shah Khan, Nelofer Jamil, and Muhammad Asif. 2026. Awareness and knowledge of biomedical waste management among medical Students in Quetta, Pakistan. Rawal Medical Journal, 51 (4), 975-977.

Chicago Style

Akhtar, Faiza, Rizwan Akhtar, Safdar Shah Khan, Nelofer Jamil, and Muhammad Asif. "Awareness and knowledge of biomedical waste management among medical Students in Quetta, Pakistan." Rawal Medical Journal 51 (2026), 975-977.

MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Akhtar, F., Akhtar, . R., Khan, . S. S., Jamil, . N. & Asif, . M. (2026) Awareness and knowledge of biomedical waste management among medical Students in Quetta, Pakistan. Rawal Medical Journal, 51 (4), 975-977.

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