ISSN 0303-5212
 

Original Research
Online Published: 24 Sep 2026
 
RMJ. 2026; 51(4): 1077-1080


Calcium estimation in renal stones in children at GMMC Civil Hospital, Sukkur, Pakistan

Rafique Abbas Shar, Ghulam Rasool Bouk, Mumtaz Ali Bharo, Nisar Abbas Shar, Muhammad Bachal Korai, Gul Afshan Soomro.


Abstract
Objective: To estimate calcium in renal stones in children at GMMC Civil Hospital Sukkur.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study included 100 renal stone samples collected from the pediatric population aged 1-15 years. Samples were analyzed to estimate calcium concentration by Ultraviolet Visible Spectrophotometry.
Results: The study revealed that calcium oxalate stones were the most commonly observed type among the renal calculi examined. Of the 100 renal calculus specimens analyzed, 40 (40%) were calcium oxalate. Mean calcium concentration differed significantly among stone types (ANOVA, p<0.001). The mean contents of calcium were measured to be 27.47 mgg-1, 11.79 mgg-1, 19.13 mgg-1, 14.66 mgg-1, 15.49 mgg-1, and 6.29 mgg-1 in samples of calcium oxalate, uric acid, mixed, struvite, calcium phosphate, and cystine stones, respectively.
Conclusion: The highest content of calcium was observed in calcium oxalate stones, while the lowest calcium content was observed in cystine stones among the stone types analyzed.

Key words: Renal stones, calcium oxalate, spectrophotometry, pediatric nephrolithiasis.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Shar RA, Bouk GR, Bharo MA, Shar NA, Korai MB, Soomro GA. Calcium estimation in renal stones in children at GMMC Civil Hospital, Sukkur, Pakistan. RMJ. 2026; 51(4): 1077-1080.


Web Style

Shar RA, Bouk GR, Bharo MA, Shar NA, Korai MB, Soomro GA. Calcium estimation in renal stones in children at GMMC Civil Hospital, Sukkur, Pakistan. https://www.rmj.org.pk/?mno=292285 [Access: November 11, 2026].


AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Shar RA, Bouk GR, Bharo MA, Shar NA, Korai MB, Soomro GA. Calcium estimation in renal stones in children at GMMC Civil Hospital, Sukkur, Pakistan. RMJ. 2026; 51(4): 1077-1080.



Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Shar RA, Bouk GR, Bharo MA, Shar NA, Korai MB, Soomro GA. Calcium estimation in renal stones in children at GMMC Civil Hospital, Sukkur, Pakistan. RMJ. (2026), [cited November 11, 2026]; 51(4): 1077-1080.



Harvard Style

Shar, R. A., Bouk, . G. R., Bharo, . M. A., Shar, . N. A., Korai, . M. B. & Soomro, . G. A. (2026) Calcium estimation in renal stones in children at GMMC Civil Hospital, Sukkur, Pakistan. RMJ, 51 (4), 1077-1080.



Turabian Style

Shar, Rafique Abbas, Ghulam Rasool Bouk, Mumtaz Ali Bharo, Nisar Abbas Shar, Muhammad Bachal Korai, and Gul Afshan Soomro. 2026. Calcium estimation in renal stones in children at GMMC Civil Hospital, Sukkur, Pakistan. Rawal Medical Journal, 51 (4), 1077-1080.



Chicago Style

Shar, Rafique Abbas, Ghulam Rasool Bouk, Mumtaz Ali Bharo, Nisar Abbas Shar, Muhammad Bachal Korai, and Gul Afshan Soomro. "Calcium estimation in renal stones in children at GMMC Civil Hospital, Sukkur, Pakistan." Rawal Medical Journal 51 (2026), 1077-1080.



MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Shar, Rafique Abbas, Ghulam Rasool Bouk, Mumtaz Ali Bharo, Nisar Abbas Shar, Muhammad Bachal Korai, and Gul Afshan Soomro. "Calcium estimation in renal stones in children at GMMC Civil Hospital, Sukkur, Pakistan." Rawal Medical Journal 51.4 (2026), 1077-1080. Print.



APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Shar, R. A., Bouk, . G. R., Bharo, . M. A., Shar, . N. A., Korai, . M. B. & Soomro, . G. A. (2026) Calcium estimation in renal stones in children at GMMC Civil Hospital, Sukkur, Pakistan. Rawal Medical Journal, 51 (4), 1077-1080.