Assessment of health promoting factors in elderly people of Karachi; A community based study

Fouzia Naeem Effendi; Gulsher; Inayat Hussain Thaver; Hira Shaikh; Hajra Khan; Ruba Khan

2026, Vol: 51, Issue: 4

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Original Research
Online Published: 31 Aug 2026

RMJ. 2026; 51(4): 1117-1121

Assessment of health promoting factors in elderly people of Karachi; A community based study

Fouzia Naeem Effendi, Gulsher, Inayat Hussain Thaver, Hira Shaikh, Hajra Khan, Ruba Khan.

Abstract
Objective: To assess health-promoting lifestyle factors among elderly individuals residing in Karachi.
Methodology: This community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Karachi from July to November 2024. Using non-probability convenience sampling, 402 adults aged 60–80 years (mean age: 68.26±4.86) were recruited, excluding individuals with psychiatric illnesses. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire comprising sociodemographic variables and the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP II). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 23. Non-parametric tests, including the Mann-Whitney U test and the Kruskal-Wallis test, were applied.
Results: Out of 402 participants, 63.9% were male. Graduates demonstrated significantly higher HPLP II scores compared to less-educated participants (p<0.03). Retired individuals exhibited the highest mean scores, indicating significant variation by occupation (p<0.008). Additionally, participants with health insurance scored significantly higher in health responsibility, physical activity, and stress management domains (p<0.003).
Conclusion: Education, occupation, and insurance status had a significant influence on health-promoting behaviors among Karachi’s elderly population. Targeted, culturally appropriate interventions are needed to enhance healthy aging outcomes.

Key words: Elderly, health-promoting lifestyle, sociodemographic factors.

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How to Cite this Article

Pubmed Style

Effendi FN, Gulsher , Thaver IH, Shaikh H, Khan H, Khan R. Assessment of health promoting factors in elderly people of Karachi; A community based study. RMJ. 2026; 51(4): 1117-1121.

Web Style

Effendi FN, Gulsher , Thaver IH, Shaikh H, Khan H, Khan R. Assessment of health promoting factors in elderly people of Karachi; A community based study. https://www.rmj.org.pk/?mno=279733 [Access: November 11, 2026].

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Effendi FN, Gulsher , Thaver IH, Shaikh H, Khan H, Khan R. Assessment of health promoting factors in elderly people of Karachi; A community based study. RMJ. 2026; 51(4): 1117-1121.

Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Effendi FN, Gulsher , Thaver IH, Shaikh H, Khan H, Khan R. Assessment of health promoting factors in elderly people of Karachi; A community based study. RMJ. (2026), [cited November 11, 2026]; 51(4): 1117-1121.

Harvard Style

Effendi, F. N., Gulsher, ., Thaver, . I. H., Shaikh, . H., Khan, . H. & Khan, . R. (2026) Assessment of health promoting factors in elderly people of Karachi; A community based study. RMJ, 51 (4), 1117-1121.

Turabian Style

Effendi, Fouzia Naeem, Gulsher, Inayat Hussain Thaver, Hira Shaikh, Hajra Khan, and Ruba Khan. 2026. Assessment of health promoting factors in elderly people of Karachi; A community based study. Rawal Medical Journal, 51 (4), 1117-1121.

Chicago Style

Effendi, Fouzia Naeem, Gulsher, Inayat Hussain Thaver, Hira Shaikh, Hajra Khan, and Ruba Khan. "Assessment of health promoting factors in elderly people of Karachi; A community based study." Rawal Medical Journal 51 (2026), 1117-1121.

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