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Original Research 
RMJ. 2026; 51(1): 247-251


Comparative effect of acetylcholine (agonist) and atropine, ondansetron and verapamil (antagonists) in the presence of aqueous extract of Stevia rebaudiana on rabbit ileum

Tehreem Zulfiqar, Sadia Maqsood, Ayela Eman Zia, Bisma Fatima Aslam, Farooq Sultan, Zia Us Salam Qazi.


Abstract
Objective: To determine the effect of Stevia rebaudiana and compare it with acetylcholine and multiple antagonists like atropine, ondansetron, and verapamil on rabbit ileum, as it is a commonly used natural sweetener nowadays.
Methodology: This study was conducted experimentally on Rabbit ileal tissue. Aqueous extract of Stevia rebaudiana was prepared and then 3 strengths, that is 5%, 10% & 15% were prepared. Power Lab (AD Instruments) was used to record ileal contractions. Rabbits’ ileum tissue was rested, and normal contractions were noted for 30 seconds. First, agonist acetylcholine (Ach 10-4) was added. The effect of three strengths of Stevia rebaudiana were recorded. After that, Stevia rebaudiana 15% was used in the presence of agonist. After this antagonist, atropine, ondansetron and verapamil were added alone and in the presence of Stevia rebaudiana 15%. SPSS 25 was used to analyze the data.
Results: Three strengths of Stevia rebaudiana did not significantly alter ileal contractions when compared with normal contractions. When used with agonist Ach, Stevia rebaudiana did not alter ileal contractions significantly. On the other hand, when Stevia rebaudiana was used with antagonists ondansetron (0.036mM and 0.36mM), it slightly altered ileal contractions. However, when used with verapamil (3x10-5), it further decreased the ileal contractions.
Conclusion: Stevia had either a minimal effect on intestinal motility or a slight inhibitory effect on ileal contractions, which could be due to its calcium channel blocking effect. There were no significant spasmogenic effects of stevia on ileal motility in rabbits

Key words: Stevia rebaudiana, acetylcholine, atropine, ondansetron, verapamil.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Zulfiqar T, Maqsood S, Zia AE, Aslam BF, Sultan F, Qazi ZUS. Comparative effect of acetylcholine (agonist) and atropine, ondansetron and verapamil (antagonists) in the presence of aqueous extract of Stevia rebaudiana on rabbit ileum. RMJ. 2026; 51(1): 247-251.

Web Style

Zulfiqar T, Maqsood S, Zia AE, Aslam BF, Sultan F, Qazi ZUS. Comparative effect of acetylcholine (agonist) and atropine, ondansetron and verapamil (antagonists) in the presence of aqueous extract of Stevia rebaudiana on rabbit ileum. https://www.rmj.org.pk/?mno=269815 [Access: February 25, 2026].

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Zulfiqar T, Maqsood S, Zia AE, Aslam BF, Sultan F, Qazi ZUS. Comparative effect of acetylcholine (agonist) and atropine, ondansetron and verapamil (antagonists) in the presence of aqueous extract of Stevia rebaudiana on rabbit ileum. RMJ. 2026; 51(1): 247-251.


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Zulfiqar T, Maqsood S, Zia AE, Aslam BF, Sultan F, Qazi ZUS. Comparative effect of acetylcholine (agonist) and atropine, ondansetron and verapamil (antagonists) in the presence of aqueous extract of Stevia rebaudiana on rabbit ileum. RMJ. (2026), [cited February 25, 2026]; 51(1): 247-251.


Harvard Style

Zulfiqar, T., Maqsood, . S., Zia, . A. E., Aslam, . B. F., Sultan, . F. & Qazi, . Z. U. S. (2026) Comparative effect of acetylcholine (agonist) and atropine, ondansetron and verapamil (antagonists) in the presence of aqueous extract of Stevia rebaudiana on rabbit ileum. RMJ, 51 (1), 247-251.


Turabian Style

Zulfiqar, Tehreem, Sadia Maqsood, Ayela Eman Zia, Bisma Fatima Aslam, Farooq Sultan, and Zia Us Salam Qazi. 2026. Comparative effect of acetylcholine (agonist) and atropine, ondansetron and verapamil (antagonists) in the presence of aqueous extract of Stevia rebaudiana on rabbit ileum. Rawal Medical Journal, 51 (1), 247-251.


Chicago Style

Zulfiqar, Tehreem, Sadia Maqsood, Ayela Eman Zia, Bisma Fatima Aslam, Farooq Sultan, and Zia Us Salam Qazi. "Comparative effect of acetylcholine (agonist) and atropine, ondansetron and verapamil (antagonists) in the presence of aqueous extract of Stevia rebaudiana on rabbit ileum." Rawal Medical Journal 51 (2026), 247-251.


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Zulfiqar, Tehreem, Sadia Maqsood, Ayela Eman Zia, Bisma Fatima Aslam, Farooq Sultan, and Zia Us Salam Qazi. "Comparative effect of acetylcholine (agonist) and atropine, ondansetron and verapamil (antagonists) in the presence of aqueous extract of Stevia rebaudiana on rabbit ileum." Rawal Medical Journal 51.1 (2026), 247-251. Print.


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Zulfiqar, T., Maqsood, . S., Zia, . A. E., Aslam, . B. F., Sultan, . F. & Qazi, . Z. U. S. (2026) Comparative effect of acetylcholine (agonist) and atropine, ondansetron and verapamil (antagonists) in the presence of aqueous extract of Stevia rebaudiana on rabbit ileum. Rawal Medical Journal, 51 (1), 247-251.


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