Abstract
Objective: To determine the impact which urinary tract infections (UTIs) have as renal disease contributors for chronic kidney disease (CKD) through combined analysis of nephron-pathological damage markers alongside biomarkers of inflammation.
Methodology: This retrospective study was carried out at Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore, from April–June 2023. It included two groups of participants who had early-stage CKD because of UTIs (n=70) and healthy subjects (n=20). The study evaluated clinical outcomes by measuring serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), urine protein and inflammatory biomarkers, including C-reactive protein (CRP) and IL-6. The analysis was conducted with SPSS 26.0 which used independent T-tests and Pearson correlation.
Results: Mean age of participants was 52.3 years with 56 (62%) women. Serum creatinine levels in subjects with both UTIs and early CKD reached 1.8±0.4 mg/dL while their eGFR declined to 68.5±9.2 mL/min/1.73m² and urinary protein levels increased to 273±35 mg/day. Inflammatory biomarkers, including CRP (11.6±2.3 mg/L) and IL-6 (18.2±4.5 pg/mL), were significantly higher in UTI patients compared to healthy controls (CRP: 4.2±1.1 mg/L, IL-6: 7.1±2.3 pg/mL, p<0.001). The occurrence of UTI was linked to the reduction of renal function (r=0.63, p<0.05).
Conclusion: The inflammatory biomarkers prove valuable for prompt disease detection together with risk level determination among affected patients. Additional research must establish these findings while building protocols to use precision diagnostics in clinical settings.

Key words: Urinary tract infections, chronic kidney disease, nephron-pathology, biomarkers, renal inflammation, precision diagnosis.