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2024, Vol: 49, Issue: 3
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Original Research 


Prevalence of covid-19 breakthrough after vaccination and adverse effects of vaccines

Fatima Ehsan, Fouzia Hanif, Qudsia Ishaq, Maleha Asim, Maria Yousaf, Aqeel Mansoor.


Abstract
Objective: To assess the prevalence of breakthrough Covid 19 after vaccination and adverse effects of vaccines.
Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at three mega vaccination centers in Islamabad from December 1, 2021, to May 1, 2022. The sample size consisted of 300 participants (both males and females) in the age range of 30-60 years. To avoid ambiguities in answers, we included only those participants who were fully vaccinated. Among these, 150 were healthy individuals and 150 with co-morbidities, were selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected and analyzed using a pre-designed questionnaire and SPSS version 21.
Results: A significant association between breakthrough COVID-19 and age and symptoms were found in fully vaccinated individuals with and without comorbidities. The type of vaccine had a significant association only in individuals without medical illness. No significant side effects of the vaccine or gender association were found in either group. We also found a significant association between breakthrough COVID-19 symptoms and the type of vaccine used.
Conclusion: A significant association between vaccine type and breakthrough COVID was observed only in healthy individuals, probably because of their different mechanisms of action.

Key words: Vaccines, Pakistan, Comorbidities, Covid 19.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Ehsan F, Hanif F, Ishaq Q, Asim M, Yousaf M, Mansoor A. Prevalence of covid-19 breakthrough after vaccination and adverse effects of vaccines. RMJ. 2024; 49(2): 270-273. doi:10.5455/rmj.20230927025010

Web Style

Ehsan F, Hanif F, Ishaq Q, Asim M, Yousaf M, Mansoor A. Prevalence of covid-19 breakthrough after vaccination and adverse effects of vaccines. https://www.rmj.org.pk/?mno=171108 [Access: September 12, 2024]. doi:10.5455/rmj.20230927025010

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Ehsan F, Hanif F, Ishaq Q, Asim M, Yousaf M, Mansoor A. Prevalence of covid-19 breakthrough after vaccination and adverse effects of vaccines. RMJ. 2024; 49(2): 270-273. doi:10.5455/rmj.20230927025010


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Ehsan F, Hanif F, Ishaq Q, Asim M, Yousaf M, Mansoor A. Prevalence of covid-19 breakthrough after vaccination and adverse effects of vaccines. RMJ. (2024), [cited September 12, 2024]; 49(2): 270-273. doi:10.5455/rmj.20230927025010


Harvard Style

Ehsan, F., Hanif, . F., Ishaq, . Q., Asim, . M., Yousaf, . M. & Mansoor, . A. (2024) Prevalence of covid-19 breakthrough after vaccination and adverse effects of vaccines. RMJ, 49 (2), 270-273. doi:10.5455/rmj.20230927025010


Turabian Style

Ehsan, Fatima, Fouzia Hanif, Qudsia Ishaq, Maleha Asim, Maria Yousaf, and Aqeel Mansoor. 2024. Prevalence of covid-19 breakthrough after vaccination and adverse effects of vaccines. Rawal Medical Journal, 49 (2), 270-273. doi:10.5455/rmj.20230927025010


Chicago Style

Ehsan, Fatima, Fouzia Hanif, Qudsia Ishaq, Maleha Asim, Maria Yousaf, and Aqeel Mansoor. "Prevalence of covid-19 breakthrough after vaccination and adverse effects of vaccines." Rawal Medical Journal 49 (2024), 270-273. doi:10.5455/rmj.20230927025010


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Ehsan, Fatima, Fouzia Hanif, Qudsia Ishaq, Maleha Asim, Maria Yousaf, and Aqeel Mansoor. "Prevalence of covid-19 breakthrough after vaccination and adverse effects of vaccines." Rawal Medical Journal 49.2 (2024), 270-273. Print. doi:10.5455/rmj.20230927025010


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Ehsan, F., Hanif, . F., Ishaq, . Q., Asim, . M., Yousaf, . M. & Mansoor, . A. (2024) Prevalence of covid-19 breakthrough after vaccination and adverse effects of vaccines. Rawal Medical Journal, 49 (2), 270-273. doi:10.5455/rmj.20230927025010


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