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Original Research 
RMJ. 2020; 45(1): 172-175


Determinants of exclusive breastfeeding in Pakistan: an examination of the 2012-2013 Demographic and Health Survey

Nazia Malik, Farhana Nohsheen, Anam Afzal.

Abstract
Objective: To identify the determinants factors of exclusive breast feeding (EBF) in Pakistan.
Methodology: The analysis included 451 children using the data from Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2013. Multilevel logistic regression was used to highlight the determinants factors of EBF for infant under six months.
Results: During pregnancy, ≥4 antenatal visits had significant effect on EBF. Mothers living in Balochistan significantly influenced infant EBF and de facto place of residence in large cities had significant effect on EBF. Women in age group 20-34 effected EBF; likewise poorer and richest wealth index was associated with EBF.
Conclusion: Pakistan is inextricably linked with EBF determinants. There is need for intervention for national EBF in all level (individual, household and community) to target health improvement in children. Health care providers and policymakers should increase nutritional counselling in mothers or caregivers.

Key words: Exclusive breastfeeding, determinants, infant.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Malik N, Nohsheen F, Afzal A. Determinants of exclusive breastfeeding in Pakistan: an examination of the 2012-2013 Demographic and Health Survey. RMJ. 2020; 45(1): 172-175.

Web Style

Malik N, Nohsheen F, Afzal A. Determinants of exclusive breastfeeding in Pakistan: an examination of the 2012-2013 Demographic and Health Survey. https://www.rmj.org.pk/?mno=14597 [Access: December 06, 2023].

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Malik N, Nohsheen F, Afzal A. Determinants of exclusive breastfeeding in Pakistan: an examination of the 2012-2013 Demographic and Health Survey. RMJ. 2020; 45(1): 172-175.


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Malik N, Nohsheen F, Afzal A. Determinants of exclusive breastfeeding in Pakistan: an examination of the 2012-2013 Demographic and Health Survey. RMJ. (2020), [cited December 06, 2023]; 45(1): 172-175.


Harvard Style

Malik, N., Nohsheen, . F. & Afzal, . A. (2020) Determinants of exclusive breastfeeding in Pakistan: an examination of the 2012-2013 Demographic and Health Survey. RMJ, 45 (1), 172-175.


Turabian Style

Malik, Nazia, Farhana Nohsheen, and Anam Afzal. 2020. Determinants of exclusive breastfeeding in Pakistan: an examination of the 2012-2013 Demographic and Health Survey. Rawal Medical Journal, 45 (1), 172-175.


Chicago Style

Malik, Nazia, Farhana Nohsheen, and Anam Afzal. "Determinants of exclusive breastfeeding in Pakistan: an examination of the 2012-2013 Demographic and Health Survey." Rawal Medical Journal 45 (2020), 172-175.


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Malik, Nazia, Farhana Nohsheen, and Anam Afzal. "Determinants of exclusive breastfeeding in Pakistan: an examination of the 2012-2013 Demographic and Health Survey." Rawal Medical Journal 45.1 (2020), 172-175. Print.


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Malik, N., Nohsheen, . F. & Afzal, . A. (2020) Determinants of exclusive breastfeeding in Pakistan: an examination of the 2012-2013 Demographic and Health Survey. Rawal Medical Journal, 45 (1), 172-175.


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