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Original Research 
RMJ. 2024; 49(2): 419-422


Frequency and factors leading to unsafe injection practice among health care providers at District Sanghar, Sindh, Pakistan

Shair Muhammad Hazara, Nighat Nisar, Shahzad Bashir, Samina Yasmeen.


Abstract
Objective: To determine frequency and factors leading to unsafe injection practices among health care providers of district Sanghar, Sind, Pakistan.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study included a sample size of 368, calculated by using Open Epi software with 95% CI and 5% margin of error at 40% prevalence of unsafe practice. Data were collected from September-2011 to February 2012 through semi structured pretested questionnaire consisting of three sections. Data analysis was done through SPSS 21.
Results: Significant risk factors identified for needle stick injuries were: consultation of 21-30 patients per day (OR= 3.435, 95% CI: 1.066-11.065), 31-40 patients per day (OR= 3.578, 95% CI: 1.076-11.895) when compared with less than <20 patients per day, collection method of sharp items in dustbin (OR= 2.0, 95% CI: 1.096-4.046 ), no use of disposable syringe (OR = 2.958, 95% CI: 1.02-3.23) and less frequent attending workshop or seminar on safe injection practice (OR= 2.46, 95% CI: 1.053-2.78).
Conclusion: Health Care Professionals running private clinics are at higher risk of acquiring blood borne infection due to reused needle stick injuries, and disposal of clinical waste was not managed in appropriate manner.

Key words: Unsafe injection practices, health care providers, hepatitis-B, hepatitis-C, needle stick injuries, NSI.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Hazara SM, Nisar N, Bashir S, Yasmeen S. Frequency and factors leading to unsafe injection practice among health care providers at District Sanghar, Sindh, Pakistan. RMJ. 2024; 49(2): 419-422.

Web Style

Hazara SM, Nisar N, Bashir S, Yasmeen S. Frequency and factors leading to unsafe injection practice among health care providers at District Sanghar, Sindh, Pakistan. https://www.rmj.org.pk/?mno=159634 [Access: April 25, 2024].

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Hazara SM, Nisar N, Bashir S, Yasmeen S. Frequency and factors leading to unsafe injection practice among health care providers at District Sanghar, Sindh, Pakistan. RMJ. 2024; 49(2): 419-422.


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Hazara SM, Nisar N, Bashir S, Yasmeen S. Frequency and factors leading to unsafe injection practice among health care providers at District Sanghar, Sindh, Pakistan. RMJ. (2024), [cited April 25, 2024]; 49(2): 419-422.


Harvard Style

Hazara, S. M., Nisar, . N., Bashir, . S. & Yasmeen, . S. (2024) Frequency and factors leading to unsafe injection practice among health care providers at District Sanghar, Sindh, Pakistan. RMJ, 49 (2), 419-422.


Turabian Style

Hazara, Shair Muhammad, Nighat Nisar, Shahzad Bashir, and Samina Yasmeen. 2024. Frequency and factors leading to unsafe injection practice among health care providers at District Sanghar, Sindh, Pakistan. Rawal Medical Journal, 49 (2), 419-422.


Chicago Style

Hazara, Shair Muhammad, Nighat Nisar, Shahzad Bashir, and Samina Yasmeen. "Frequency and factors leading to unsafe injection practice among health care providers at District Sanghar, Sindh, Pakistan." Rawal Medical Journal 49 (2024), 419-422.


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Hazara, Shair Muhammad, Nighat Nisar, Shahzad Bashir, and Samina Yasmeen. "Frequency and factors leading to unsafe injection practice among health care providers at District Sanghar, Sindh, Pakistan." Rawal Medical Journal 49.2 (2024), 419-422. Print.


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Hazara, S. M., Nisar, . N., Bashir, . S. & Yasmeen, . S. (2024) Frequency and factors leading to unsafe injection practice among health care providers at District Sanghar, Sindh, Pakistan. Rawal Medical Journal, 49 (2), 419-422.


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