ISSN 0303-5212
 

Original Research 


Precipitating Factors of Hepatic Encephalopathy

Mohammad Tariq,* Saleem Iqbal,** Naji ullah Khan,* Rabia Basri***.

Abstract
Objective: To analyze the precipitating factors of hepatic encephalopathy
(HE).
Methods: Two hundred admitted patients with liver cirrhosis with HE from
1st January 2006 to 30th September 2006 were included in the study. Grades
of HE and Child’s Pugh classification was also determined.
Results: Out of 200 patients, 106 (53%) were male and 94 (47%) female.
Amongst the precipitating factors, 30% had constipation, 29% upper
gastrointestinal bleed (GIB), 8% spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP),
19.5% urinary tract infection (UTI), 2.5% lower respiratory tract infection
and 3% had diarrhea. There was hyponatremia in 1.5% and hypokalemia in
4.5% patients. High protein diet in 0.5% and bromazepam intake in 1%
were presumed precipitating factors and 0.5% had antituberculous therapy
induced liver injury.
Conclusion: Constipation, gastrointestinal bleeding and infections were the
most common precipitating factors of HE in our patients. (Rawal Med J
2009;34:95-97).

Key words: Hepatic Encephalopathy, liver cirrhosis, precipitating factors, portosystemic encephalopathy.


 
ARTICLE TOOLS
Abstract
PDF Fulltext
How to cite this articleHow to cite this article
Citation Tools
Related Records
 Articles by Mohammad Tariq
Articles by * Saleem Iqbal
Articles by ** Naji ullah Khan
Articles by * Rabia Basri***
on Google
on Google Scholar

How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Mohammad Tariq, Saleem Iqbal, Naji ullah Khan, Rabia Basri. Precipitating Factors of Hepatic Encephalopathy. RMJ. 2009; 34(1): 95-97.


Web Style

Mohammad Tariq, Saleem Iqbal, Naji ullah Khan, Rabia Basri. Precipitating Factors of Hepatic Encephalopathy. https://www.rmj.org.pk/?mno=7229 [Access: December 08, 2023].


AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Mohammad Tariq, Saleem Iqbal, Naji ullah Khan, Rabia Basri. Precipitating Factors of Hepatic Encephalopathy. RMJ. 2009; 34(1): 95-97.



Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Mohammad Tariq, Saleem Iqbal, Naji ullah Khan, Rabia Basri. Precipitating Factors of Hepatic Encephalopathy. RMJ. (2009), [cited December 08, 2023]; 34(1): 95-97.



Harvard Style

Mohammad Tariq, Saleem Iqbal, Naji ullah Khan, Rabia Basri (2009) Precipitating Factors of Hepatic Encephalopathy. RMJ, 34 (1), 95-97.



Turabian Style

Mohammad Tariq, Saleem Iqbal, Naji ullah Khan, Rabia Basri. 2009. Precipitating Factors of Hepatic Encephalopathy. Rawal Medical Journal, 34 (1), 95-97.



Chicago Style

Mohammad Tariq, Saleem Iqbal, Naji ullah Khan, Rabia Basri. "Precipitating Factors of Hepatic Encephalopathy." Rawal Medical Journal 34 (2009), 95-97.



MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Mohammad Tariq, Saleem Iqbal, Naji ullah Khan, Rabia Basri. "Precipitating Factors of Hepatic Encephalopathy." Rawal Medical Journal 34.1 (2009), 95-97. Print.



APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Mohammad Tariq, Saleem Iqbal, Naji ullah Khan, Rabia Basri (2009) Precipitating Factors of Hepatic Encephalopathy. Rawal Medical Journal, 34 (1), 95-97.